Who is running the show?

I was reading a Journal Article, suddenly, a word caught my eyes. Digital Leviathan. It’s a cool term, isn’t it? It sounds like something straight out of a cyberpunk novel, but it actually has deep roots in political philosophy.

The "Leviathan" originally comes from Thomas Hobbes (1651), who used the image of a giant sea monster to represent a powerful, centralized state that keeps society from falling into chaos. Fast forward to today, and that "monster" has traded its scales for silicon.

What is it, exactly?

Back in the 17th century, philosopher Thomas Hobbes argued that humans needed a "Leviathan"- a massive, all-powerful government to keep us from descending into a "war of all against all."

Today, the Digital Leviathan isn't a king or a dictator. It’s the invisible, interconnected web of Big Tech, massive datasets, and AI algorithms that monitor, predict, and influence almost everything we do. It’s the "ghost in the machine" that knows your heart rate, your shopping habits, and your political leanings better than your best friend does.

The Two Faces of the Beast

Like the mythical creature it's named after, the Digital Leviathan isn't strictly "evil," but it is incredibly powerful.

• The Helpful Giant: It makes life seamless. It navigates us through traffic, suggests the perfect song, and connects us across oceans. It provides order in a chaotic digital world.
• The Invisible Shackle: It thrives on "Surveillance Capitalism." To keep the gears turning, it needs your data. It nudges your behaviour, traps you in echo chambers, and sometimes forgets that "users" are actually "people."

Why Should You Care?

In the old days, power was about who owned the land. Later, it was about who owned the factories. Today, power is about who owns the data. The Digital Leviathan doesn't need to use force to control a population; it just needs to tweak an algorithm. When a handful of platforms decide what news, you see or how you spend your money, the "Social Contract" starts to look more like a "Terms and Conditions" agreement that we all clicked "Accept" on without reading.

By the way, the next time your phone "predicts" exactly what you want to eat or watch, just remember: that’s the Leviathan at work. It’s helpful, it’s huge, and it’s always learning. 😀

Thanks for Reading

Farhana Yeasmin

"Pay-by-Thought": The Ultimate Frictionless UX

Source: Google

Neuralink is no longer just a headline-grabbing experiment involving monkeys playing video games. As of 2026, with multiple successful human implants, the conversation has shifted from "Can we do it?" to "What can we do with it?" While the medical applications for paralysis and blindness are the priority, the most "mind-bending" evolution is happening in the world of Fintech. Here is a look at how Neuralink could turn your biological brain into the ultimate banking terminal. 

The successful integration of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) into human subjects has opened the door to Neural Signatures, a biometric system that uses unique brainwave patterns to authenticate identity. Unlike traditional passwords or even facial recognition, these neural markers are nearly 

impossible to forge, creating a security layer that lives within the user’s own consciousness. This technology introduces the concept of "intelligent friction," where the chip can detect subconscious signs of stress or coercion. If a user is being forced to authorize a transaction, the system can recognize the specific neural architecture of duress and automatically freeze the account, offering a level of physical and financial protection previously seen only in science fiction.

Source: Internet

Beyond security, the marriage of Neuralink and banking aims to eliminate the physical barriers of commerce through "Pay-by-Thought" systems. As financial institutions move toward agentic commerce where AI assistants manage transactions autonomously a direct neural link allows for a seamless "intent-to-action" workflow. Imagine walking through a store and completing a purchase simply by intending to do so; the implant translates this mental command into a secure digital handshake with the bank’s mainframe. This creates a frictionless ecosystem where the biological mind becomes the ultimate "Neural Wallet". Furthermore, with integrated AI "financial butlers" communicating directly through the interface, users could receive real-time, haptic-like nudges about market volatility or spending limits, effectively merging human intuition with the raw processing power of modern fintech.

Let's be optimestic !

May be in future we will talk on the specific "Neuro-Security" protocols banks might use to protect their data from hackers. 

Till Then Thanks For Reading

Farhana Yeasmin

Funding the Frontlines: The Mechanics of Modern Green Banking

To ensure that a project is truly "green" and worthy of investment, banks and financial institutions follow a rigorous evaluation process. This structure protects investors from "greenwashing" (where projects are falsely marketed as eco-friendly) and ensures that capital is directed toward meaningful climate action.

How Banks Evaluate Green Bond Projects

Financial institutions typically align their evaluation with the Green Bond Principles (GBP), which focus on four core pillars: the use of proceeds, the process for project evaluation, management of funds, and reporting. When a project is proposed,such as, a large-scale solar farm or a municipal sea-wall banks assess its eligibility based on specific environmental objectives. These include climate change mitigation (like reducing CO2 emissions) and climate change adaptation (like increasing the resilience of infrastructure). For instance, a bank may require a project to demonstrate a measurable reduction in greenhouse gases or a specific level of protection against predicted flood levels before it qualifies for green financing.

Key Criteria for Selection

The selection process is often more technical than traditional lending. Banks look for:

• Scientific Alignment: Projects must often align with taxonomies like the Climate Bonds Taxonomy, which provides clear definitions for what constitutes a "green" activity in sectors like energy, transport, and building.

• Impact Quantifiability: Issuers are expected to provide clear metrics, such as "annual GHG emissions reduced in tonnes of CO2 equivalent" or "megawatts of renewable energy capacity added."

• Risk Mitigation: Evaluation doesn't just look at the "green" upside; it also screens for potential negative side effects. For example, a large hydroelectric dam might be "green" in terms of energy but could have negative impacts on local biodiversity or communities. Banks use Environmental and Social Risk Management (ESRM) frameworks to identify and mitigate these trade-offs.

The Role of Third-Party Verification

To add an extra layer of credibility, most banks require an External Review or a Second Party Opinion (SPO). Independent environmental consultants or rating agencies (like Moody’s or S&P) review the project’s framework to certify that it meets international standards. Once the bond is issued, the work isn't over; the bank must maintain a "transparent pipeline," reporting annually on where the money went and the actual environmental impact achieved. This rigorous cycle of assessment ensures that global finance acts as a reliable tool for both local adaptation and global emission reduction.

Beyond the Balance Sheet: Why Climate is the New Currency of Risk and Return

For decades, the geometry of bank profitability was Euclidean: simple, predictable lines connecting interest income, operational costs, and Return on Equity (ROE). Traditional models were excellent at telling us what happened last quarter, but increasingly terrible at predicting what will happen in the next decade.

Author's collection

Why? Because traditional accounting assumes environmental stability. That assumption is officially obsolete.

Today, the financial sector is undergoing a seismic shift in how it defines "value." We are moving beyond historical data to integrate two crucial, forward-looking metrics into profitability models: climate risk exposure and Green Asset Ratios (GAR). These aren't just ESG decorations; they are emerging as hard financial determinants.

The Invisible Debt Climate risk exposure is the uncounted liability on the books. When we layer this into profitability models, we stop treating all loans equally. A mortgage portfolio in a high-flood zone carries a physical risk premium that standard models ignore. Similarly, heavy exposure to carbon-intensive industries carries "transition risk". The danger of assets becoming stranded by regulatory shifts or technological obsolescence.

By quantifying this exposure, a bank’s projected ROE changes dramatically. A high-yield loan to a coal plant today looks significantly less profitable when risk-adjusted for its potential to become zero-value collateral tomorrow.

The Future-Proofing Metric Conversely, the Green Asset Ratio (GAR), the percentage of a bank’s book financing sustainable activities is evolving from a compliance metric into an indicator of future growth.

A robust GAR signals that an institution is financing the transition economy: renewables, electric infrastructure, and energy efficiency. These are the growth sectors of the next thirty years. Integrating GAR into profitability models helps identify which banks are merely extracting value from the old economy versus those positioned to capture the "green premium" of the new one.

The New Bottom Line Integrating these metrics isn't just about saving the planet; it's about protecting the bottom line. We are rapidly approaching a "climate-adjusted Return on Assets." Banks relying solely on backward-looking traditional models will find themselves holding yesterday’s risks. Those that embrace climate data as a core financial determinant aren't just being virtuous. They are being smart capitalists.

Thanks For Reading

Farhana Yeasmin

Ever Wondered How Giants Borrow Money? Welcome to Wholesale Credit

What if I told you that the coffee you're drinking, the car you drive, and the phone in your hand are all connected to a secret financial market worth over £50 trillion? That's more than two and a half times the entire UK economy. This isn't a shadowy conspiracy; it's the indispensable, high-stakes world of wholesale credit, the multi-trillion pound engine that powers your everyday life, yet remains hidden in plain sight.

Author's Creation

While you and I navigate the world of retail credit—mortgages and car loans, behemoth corporations and governments operate on an entirely different scale. How does a tech giant secure £5 billion to develop the next generation of artificial intelligence? Or how does a nation fund a new high-speed rail network? They don't pop down to the local branch. They tap into wholesale credit, where banks lend staggering sums to other large institutions. In fact, the UK syndicated loan market alone facilitates well over £200 billion in deals annually, fueling the ambitions of the world's largest players.

This process is a masterclass in financial collaboration. Given the immense sums and risks involved, it's rare for a single bank to go it alone. Instead, they form a 'syndicate', where a group of lenders pools its resources. It’s the financial equivalent of a superhero team-up, ensuring that massive, economy-changing projects get the green light. This is the mechanism behind everything from the offshore wind farms decarbonising our grid to the development of life-saving pharmaceuticals.

So, the next time you hear about a new factory opening, creating thousands of jobs, or see construction begin on a major new public works project, you'll know the real story. Wholesale credit is the silent, powerful force building the world of tomorrow. It’s the reason our economy can scale, innovate, and advance. That £50 trillion engine is humming all around you—you just needed to know where to listen.

With Gratitude 

Farhana Yeasmin

The Cluster Advantage: Moving Beyond Single-Client Banking

The traditional banking model—assessing and serving businesses in isolation—is reaching its limits. The future of commercial banking lies in a more holistic, strategic approach: understanding and investing in economic clusters. By shifting the focus from individual companies to interconnected ecosystems, banks can unlock unprecedented value and drive sustainable growth.

The first step in this strategic pivot is Cluster Investment. This moves far beyond simple geographic proximity. It represents a deliberate strategy to fund the entire ecosystem of a specific industry sector—be it an automotive manufacturing hub, a agri-tech corridor, or a digital innovation zone.

Instead of taking a siloed view of risk, cluster investment allows banks to see the bigger picture. By providing capital for the anchor corporation's expansion, the working capital for its key suppliers, and the equipment financing for small downstream processors, the bank de-risks its own portfolio. A strong, well-capitalized cluster is a resilient one, where the success of one entity elevates the entire network. This systemic approach transforms the bank from a passive lender into an active economic architect.

This strategic funding naturally evolves into the mastery of the Cluster Value Chain. This is where the true, long-term value is captured. A bank that understands the value chain does not just offer a menu of products; it provides integrated financial solutions for every single touchpoint.

Imagine a bank mapping the entire journey of a product, from raw material to end-consumer. It can then offer:

Ø Supply Chain Finance to optimize working capital for all parties.

Ø Digital Payment Platforms to ensure seamless and transparent transactions.

Ø Specialized Cash Management for the anchor firm and its distributors.

Ø Risk Management Products tailored to the cluster's unique challenges.

By embedding its services directly into the operational fabric of the cluster, the bank becomes an indispensable partner. It increases "stickiness," generates diverse revenue streams, and builds unshakeable client loyalty.

In conclusion, the synergy between strategic Cluster Investment and a deep understanding of the Cluster Value Chain represents a powerful new paradigm. It’s a move from transactional lending to transformative partnership. For forward-thinking banks, this isn’t just an option; it’s the blueprint for relevance and leadership in the modern economy.

Thanks for Reading

Farhana Yeasmin

Author's collection

Is Your 'Green' Investment Actually Helping the Planet? Or Just Greenwashing?

Let’s be blunt. The financial sector has a new favourite colour: green. From the FTSE 100 to your pension fund, everyone is suddenly talking about Sustainable Finance, ESG, and making a difference. It’s a multi-trillion-pound shift that promises to save the world. But is it? Or are we being sold a beautifully packaged fiction?

Beneath the sleek marketing of ‘green bonds’ and ‘ESG-focused funds’ lies a more complex, and often murkier, reality. Sustainable Finance is the grand vision—the integration of environmental and social conscience into the very heart of capitalism. Its more focused sibling, Green Finance, is where the rubber meets the road, funding everything from vast offshore wind farms to retrofitting old buildings.The ambition is undeniably huge. The UK alone requires an estimated £50-60 billion annually in green investment to meet its net-zero targets (Green Finance Institute). Globally, ESG assets are skyrocketing, projected to hit $33.9 trillion by 2026 (PwC). That’s an astonishing amount of capital theoretically dedicated to doing good. But here’s the critical question: how much of this is genuine, and how much is just clever PR?

This brings us to the rot at the core of the apple: Greenwashing. It’s the practice where a bank or corporation spends more money advertising their ‘eco-credentials’ than on actually minimising their environmental impact. They dabble in a bit of recycling, make a few token gestures on diversity, and suddenly a fossil fuel giant can be rebranded as a champion of sustainability.

The regulators are waking up to the farce. The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has pointed out that a shocking 40% of sustainability claims could be misleading. That’s not a minor oversight; it’s a systemic failure that misdirects well-intentioned capital and undermines the entire project. 

Photo Credit Author's Collection

So, what’s the answer? Cynicism isn’t the solution—vigilance is.

The onus is on us to look past the glossy brochures. We must demand third-party verification, scrutinise hard data, and ask uncomfortable questions. Is this fund truly driving change, or is it just a convenient narrative to attract my money?

The sustainable finance revolution is real and necessary. But it’s being hijacked by those who see it as a branding exercise, not a fundamental overhaul. Don’t just invest for a better return. Invest for a better world. But for goodness’ sake, make sure you know which one you’re actually getting.

Thanks for reading 

Farhana